In fact, the ultimate goal is to engage completely and wholeheartedly in spiritual dharma. Hence, there is no sin in renouncing material dharma if we are properly situated in spiritual dharma. Similarly, by fulfilling our duty to God, we automatically fulfill our duty to everyone. However, when we surrender to God, we are automatically released from all these debts, just as by watering the roots of a tree, all its branches, twigs, leaves, flowers, and fruit automatically get watered. The varṇāśhram system includes various procedures for releasing ourselves from these five kinds of debts. This verse explains that for those who do not surrender to God, there are five debts-to the celestial gods, to the sages, to the ancestors, to other humans, and to other living beings. Sarvātmanā yaḥ śharaṇaṁ śharaṇyaṁ gato mukundaṁ parihṛitya kartam (11.5.41) The Śhrīmad Bhāgavatam states:ĭevarṣhi-bhūtāpta-nṛiṇāṁ pitṝīṇāṁ na kiṅkaro nāyam ṛiṇī cha rājan But if one leaves material dharma and takes the shelter of spiritual dharma, it is not a sin. If one leaves the material dharma it is considered a sin due to dereliction of duty. This is also called para dharma or spiritual dharma.
Hence our one and only dharma becomes loving devotional service to God. The soul’s Father, Mother, Friend, Beloved, and resting place are all God. However, when we identify ourselves as the soul, we have no material designations of varṇa (social class) and āśhram (status in life). This includes the dharma as a Brahmin, Kshatriya, etc. This is also called apara dharma or material dharma. Hence, serving the bodily parents, fulfilling the responsibilities to society, nation, etc. These two kinds of dharma are based upon two different understandings of the “self.” When we identify ourselves as the body, then our dharma is determined in accordance with our bodily designations, obligations, duties, and norms. It comes from the root word dhṛi, which means dhāraṇ karane yogya, or “responsibilities, duties, thoughts, and actions that are appropriate for us.” There are actually two kinds of dharmas-material dharma and spiritual dharma. To comprehend this instruction of Shree Krishna, we need to understand the term dharma. Here, one may question that if we give up all our material dharmas will we not incur sin? Shree Krishna tells Arjun not to fear he will absolve him from all sins, and liberate him from material existence. Arjun can renounce all material duties and simply surrender to God. Now, Shree Krishna reverses this teaching by saying that here is no need to fulfill even material dharma. He thus wanted Arjun not to give up his Kshatriya dharma, but to do devotion alongside with it. All along, Shree Krishna had been asking Arjun to do two things simultaneously-engage his mind in devotion, and engage his body in fulfilling his material duty as a warrior.
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